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Carlos Duarte Costa (July 21, 1888 – March 26, 1961) was a Brazilian Roman Catholic bishop and the founder and first patriarch of the Brazilian Catholic Apostolic Church, an independent Catholic church, and its international extension, the Worldwide Communion of Catholic Apostolic National Churches. A former Roman Catholic bishop, he was excommunicated by Pope Pius XII for doctrinal and canonical issues (such as clerical celibacy). Duarte Costa has been canonized as "St. Carlos of Brazil" by the Brazilian Catholic Apostolic Church. ICAB is not Roman Catholic and does not want to be Roman Catholic. ICAB does not acknowledge Roman Catholic orders as valid after 1968 and believes that they no longer have the Catholic understanding of ordination, since the ordination rites have allegedly changed dramatically. ==Early life and ministry== Carlos Duarte Costa was born in Rio de Janeiro on July 21, 1888, at the residence of his uncle Eduardo Duarte de Silva. The son of João Matta Francisco Costa and Maria Carlota Duarte da Silva Costa, he received a devout Catholic upbringing. At age nine, he received his first communion in the cathedral of Uberaba from the hands of his uncle, Dom Eduardo Duarte da Silva (now a bishop), on July 24, 1897. That same year he was taken by his uncle to Rome to study at the Pontificio Collegio Pio Latino Americano, a Jesuit minor seminary. In 1905 he returned to Brazil for health reasons and entered an Augustinian seminary in Uberaba, where he completed his philosophical and theological studies.〔("Foundation of All Catholic Apostolic National Churches" ) from website of CANC-UK〕 After ordination as a deacon, Duarte Costa served under his uncle, Dom Eduardo de Silva, in the cathedral church of Uberaba. On May 4, 1911, Duarte Costa was ordained to the priesthood at the cathedral. He then returned to Rome to further his education and obtained a doctorate in theology from the Pontifical Gregorian University. After returning to Brazil, he worked once again with his uncle, Dom Eduardo Duarte da Silve, in Uberaba, as secretary of the diocese. Duarte Costa was awarded the title of monsignor for his publication of a catechism for children and was later named Protonotary Apostolic and General Secretary of the Archdiocese of Rio de Janeiro, serving in this capacity until 1923.〔 On July 4, 1924, Pope Pius XI nominated Duarte Costa as Bishop of Botucatu. His episcopal consecration occurred on December 8 that year at the metropolitan cathedral of Rio de Janeiro, presided over by Cardinal Sebastian Leme da Silveira Cintra.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Carlos Duarte Costa」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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